BEST TELEGRAM CHANNELS/GROUPS LINKS FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS

BEST 70+ TELEGRAM CHANNELS/GROUPS LINKS FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS
🔰 All Channels and Groups Link 🔰

PKR TECH CLASSES

1) UPPCL , AE/JE SSC AE/JE GATE , IES , EE , ESE , ECE , ME , CE , IT & CS EXAM MATERIALS AND OLD PAPERS
* https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot
https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot

2) Society Of Engineers
* https://t.me/SocietyofEngineer

3) Electrical Exam Discussion Portal
* https://t.me/Electrical_24by7

4) Ebooks Request
* https://t.me/EBooksReq

5) Electrical Engineering
* https://t.me/EE_GATE

6) Science And Technology News
* https://t.me/SciTechNews

7) Civil Engineering Je
* https://t.me/civilengineeringjepdf

8) Electrical Engineering
 https://t.me/ELECTRICALSSC


9) Made Easy [ Official ]
* https://t.me/madeeasy_official

10) Get Jobs Easily
* https://t.me/getjobseasily

11) GSECL / JE Electrical ( Gujarati )
https://t.me/gsecljeelectrical

12 ) KENDRE INSTITUTE ORANGABAD
* https://t.me/KENDREINSTITUTE1

13) Interesting Engineering [ Official ]
* https://t.me/ieofficial

14 ) S.R.K. CIVIL ENGINEERING CLASS
* https://t.me/srk50

15 ) Ethio Construction
* https://t.me/ethioengineers1

16 ) Indian Welding Engineers
* https://t.me/IndianWeldingEngineers

17 ) Electrical and Electronics eBooks
* https://t.me/EEEGarage

18 ) Engineer's Hub
* https://t.me/EngineersHub

19 ) Technical Jobs
* https://t.me/BE_electrical_jobs

20 ) Electrical Engineering Quiz
* https://t.me/Electrical_Quiz

21) Electrical Lerners
* https://t.me/ElectricalLearner

22 ) Jobs Portal For Mechanical Engineers
* https://t.me/jobsrelatedinfo

23 ) Engineering E-Books ™
* https://t.me/Engineering_Ebooks1

24 ) ITI Solutions Electrician
https://t.me/gsp2w6d5ifb7

25 ) Automobile Engineering
* https://t.me/Automobile_Engineer1

26 ) international standards
* https://t.me/InternationalStandards

27 ) Discussion Forum For EEE
* https://t.me/discussionforum_eee

28 ) Electrical and Electronics eBooks
* https://t.me/ELECTRICAL_AND_ELECTRONICS_books

29 ) Programming eBooks
* https://t.me/ProgrammingEbookz

30 ) Engineering Designers
* https://t.me/EngineeringDesigners

31)Civil Engineering Study
* https://t.me/civilengineeringstudychannel

PKR TECH CLASSES

Ebook Channels For Engineering Students

💡 https://t.me/Engineering_Ebooks1
💡 https://t.me/EngineeringDesigners
💡 https://t.me/Automobile_Engineer1
💡 https://t.me/EnggEbook
💡 https://t.me/CivilEnggEbook
💡 https://t.me/EbookRoom
💡 https://t.me/GATE_books
💡 https://t.me/PERSONALITYDEVELOPMENT
💡 https://t.me/MechanicalEngineeringBooks
💡 https://t.me/ELECTRICAL_AND_ELECTRONICS_books
💡 https://t.me/ProgrammingEbookz
💡 https://t.me/PythonEbookz
💡 https://t.me/python_codes
💡 https://t.me/BasicElectronics
💡 https://t.me/terrificknowledge
💡 https://t.me/libraryofwelding
💡 https://t.me/indianengineer
💡 https://t.me/Sharingknowledge_channel
💡 https://t.me/engineering_books1

💡Cute Elearning for API, ASNT, AWS &TWI Certifications (https://t.me/DrSamirSaad)


Ebook Groups For Engineering Students

PKR TECH CLASSES

💡 https://t.me/Engineering_Ebooks
💡 https://t.me/Automobile_Engineer
💡 https://t.me/SocietyofEngineer
💡 https://t.me/JobsRelatedinfo
💡 https://t.me/InternationalEngineers
💡 https://t.me/civilgroups
💡 https://t.me/discussionforum_eee
💡 https://t.me/chem_concept
💡 https://t.me/chemicaldagads
💡 https://t.me/engineeringvideo
💡 https://t.me/aimgate2020

💡 Books And Documents ( standard & paper ) Sharing Group  (https://t.me/joinchat/Ff54bUxltR-QdUEcE6f-OQ)

PKR TECH CLASSES

💡 https://t.me/IndianWeldingEngineers
💡 https://t.me/Sharingknowledge_group
💡 https://t.me/internationalstandardsgroup
💡 https://t.me/engineering_books
💡 Static and thermal equipment engineering
https://t.me/joinchat/AS8CwUL-i_LGPCioHBLFqQ
💡 Electric Circuit
https://t.me/joinchat/D0aSnFiPi2_TbRlELqo68Q

PKR TECH CLASSES

Ebook Group (Non Acadamics)
💡 https://t.me/EbooksReq

EBook Channels (Non Acadamics)
💡 https://t.me/BooksHouse
💡 https://t.me/EbookRoom
💡 https://t.me/archivee_org

Other Useful Channels and Groups
💡 https://t.me/motivation_success_stories
💡 https://t.me/HelpingSociety
💡 https://t.me/freeonlinecourses_paid_to_free
💡https://t.me/DownloadLinksMaterials

PKR TECH CLASSES

PKR TECH CLASSES

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Current Affairs 1 May 2020

 ✅Current Affairs 1 May 2020

💥International Jazz Day 2020, April 30
💥Cauvery Water Management Authority brought under the Jal Shakti Ministry: Central government

💥National Infrastructure Pipeline submitted Final Report to FinMin; Rs 111 lakh cr projected from FY20 to FY25

💥Chhattisgarh tops among other states in providing employment under MGNREGS

💥India installs 7.3 GW of solar power in CY 2019 & secures world’s 3rd largest solar market: Mercom

💥USAID announces 3 million USD to support India’s efforts to combat COVID-19

💥India ranks 53rd in budget transparency; New Zealand tops: IBP’s Open Budget Survey 2019

💥India’s rank downgraded to “Country of Particular Concern (CPC)” in USA’s International Religious Freedom annual report 2020

💥Disasters, conflicts trigger 5 million displacements in India in 2019: IDMC

💥‘Vikas Abhaya’ loan scheme launched: KVGB

💥Manipuri doctor Thangjam Dhabali Singh conferred ‘Order of Rising Sun’ by Japan

💥T S Tirumurti appointed as Ambassador/Permanent Representative of India to Indian United Nations

💥Manulife acquired 49% stake in Mahindra AMC for Rs 265 crore

💥Reliance increases its stake to 26.3% in US-based tech company SkyTran

💥Janaushadhi Sugam app to access generic medicine benefits 325000 users

💥COVID-19: Glenmark Pharma becomes the first company to get Nod from DCGI for clinical trials of Favipiravir tablets

💥IMD releases list of 169 names for upcoming tropical cyclones

💥COVID-19: HCARD, a robot, to assist frontline healthcare warriors

💥Famous Hindi actor Rishi Kapoor passes away at 67

💥Freedom fighter Padma Shri Gandhian Hema Bharali passed away at 101

💥A book titled “The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir” authored by John Bolton

💥J&K administration inks MoU with Tata Technologies to built 2 CIIT centers

💥FIFA launches #WeWillWin campaign for health workers
    ___________team EEDP⚡️

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Current affairs 4th May 2020

 ⚡️Current Affairs 3 May 2020

💥Ayushman Bharat Diwas 2020: April 30

💥World Tuna Day 2020: May 2

💥International Astronomy Day 2020: May 2

💥International Guide Dog Day 2020: April 29

💥Ravi Shankar Prasad attended an extraordinary virtual ‘G20 Digital Economy Ministers’ meet

💥USD 400 million multi-year financial support to India: World Bank

💥Ramesh Babu appointed as NTPC director operations

💥CSIR Launched ‘Kisan Sabha’ App to Connect Farmers to Supply Chain and Freight Transportation Management System

💥COVID-19 impact: CGF postpones 7th season of 2021 Commonwealth Youth Games to 2023

💥Noted playwright Bijay Mishra passed away at 83

💥Sushil Kumar Modi presented Rs 2,11,761 cr Bihar’s budget for FY 20-21; Max. allocation towards education

💥Kashmir saffron gets GI tag
___________team EEDP⚡️

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5 Benefits of Power Factor Correction That Can Impact Your Utility Bill

5 Benefits of Power Factor Correction That Can Impact Your Utility Bill

---

Power factor correction can be extremely beneficial. Benefits include everything from reduced demand charges on your power system to increased load carrying capabilities in your existing circuits and overall reduced power system loses. Below you’ll find a list of five benefits in descending order of the potential financial impact on your utility bill.

1. Avoid Power Factor Penalties

Most industrial processing facilities use a large quantity of induction motors to drive their pumps, conveyors, and other machinery in the plant. These induction motors cause the power factor to be inherently low for most industrial facilities. Many electric utility companies assess a power factor penalty for lower power factor (usually below 0.80 or 0.85). Some also incentive high power factor (above 0.95, for example). By adding power factor correction, you can eliminate the power factor penalty from your bill.

2. Reduced Demand Charges

Many electric utility companies charge for maximum metered demand based on either the highest registered demand in kilowatts (KW meter), or a percentage of the highest registered demand in KVA (KVA meter), whichever is greater. If the power factor is low, the percentage of the measured KVA will be significantly greater than the KW demand. Improving the power factor through power factor correction will therefore lower the demand charge, helping to reduce your electricity bill.

3. Increased Load Carrying Capabilities in Existing Circuits

Loads drawing reactive power also demand reactive current. Installing power factor correction capacitors at the end of existing circuits near the inductive loads reduces the current carried by each circuit. The reduction in current flow resulting from improved power factor may allow the circuit to carry new loads, saving the cost of upgrading the distribution network when extra capacity is required for additional machinery or equipment, saving your company thousands of dollars in unnecessary upgrade costs. In addition, the reduced current flow reduces resistive losses in the circuit.

4. Improved Voltage

A lower power factor causes a higher current flow for a given load. As the line current increases, the voltage drop in the conductor increases, which may result in a lower voltage at the equipment. With an improved power factor, the voltage drop in the conductor is reduced, improving the voltage at the equipment.

5. Reduced Power System Losses

Although the financial return from conductor loss reduction alone is not sufficient to justify the installation of capacitors, it is sometimes an attractive additional benefit; especially in older plants with long feeders or in field pumping operations.

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PLAIN CONCRETE

 PLAIN CONCRETE

Major ingredients of concrete are:
1. Binding material (like cement, lime, polymer)
2. Fine aggregate (sand)
3. Coarse aggregates (crushed stone, jelly)
4. Water.
A small quantity of admixtures like air entraining agents, water proofing agents, workability
agents etc. may also be added to impart special properties to the plain concrete mixture.
Depending upon the proportion of ingredient, strength of concrete varies. It is possible to
determine the proportion of the ingredients for a particular strength by mix design procedure. In the
absence of mix design the ingredients are proportioned as 1:1:2, 1:1.5 :3, 1:2:4, 1:3:6 and 1:4:8, which is the ratio of weights of cement to sand to coarse aggregate

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What is MORTAR

👉 What is MORTAR
.
➡️Mortar is an intimate mixture of binding material, fine aggregate and water.
➡️When water is added to the  dry mixture of binding material and the inert material, binding material develops the property that binds not only the inert material but also the surrounding stones and bricks.
➡️If the cement is the binding  material, then the mortar is known as cement mortar. Other mortars commonly used are lime mortar and mud mortar.
 👉The inert material used is sand.
⏩In this channel,we will consider each of material used in mortars one by one just like the inert material sand and then the proportioning, mixing, curing, properties and uses of different mortars is going to be explained be stay tuned Next Post.
.
▶️USES OF CEMENT MORTAR
👉Mortar is used 👇
*to bind masonry units like stone, bricks, cement blocks.
*to plaster slab and walls make them impervious.
* to give neat finishing to walls and concrete works.
*for pointing masonry joints.
*for preparing building blocks.
* as a filler material in ferro cement works.
*to fill joints and cracks in walls.
*as a filler material in stone masonry

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A sodium vapor lamp is a low pressure and cold cathode lamp i.e its electrode is not electrically heated by a filament. A sodium vapor discharge lamp consists of a U-shaped tube enclosed in a double-walled vacuum flask, to keep the temperature of the tube within the working region. The inner U-tube consists of two oxide-coated electrodes, which are sealed with the ends. These electrodes are connected to a pin type base construction of a sodium vapor lamp is shown in Fig.



This sodium vapor lamp is low luminosity lamp so that the length of the lamp should be more. In order to get the desired length, it is made in the form of a U-shaped tube. This long U-tube consists of a small amount of neon gas and metallic sodium. At the time of start, the neon gas vaporizes and develops sufficient heat to vaporize metallic sodium in the U-shaped tube.

Neon Lamp
This is a cold cathode lamp, in which no filament is used to heat the electrode for starting. The neon lamp consists of two electrodes placed at the two ends of a long discharge tube.



The discharge tube is filled with neon gas. A low voltage of 150 V on DC or 110 V on AC is impressed across the two electrodes; the discharge takes place through the neon gas that emits light or electromagnetic radiation reddish in color. The sizes of electrodes used are equal for both AC and DC supplies. On DC, neon glow appear nearer to the negative electrode; therefore, the negative electrode is made larger in size. Neon lamp electric circuit consists of a transformer with high leakage reactance in order to stabilize the arc. The capacitor is used to improve the power factor. Neon lamp efficiency is approximately 15-40 lumens/W. The power consumption of the neon lamp is 5 W

If the helium gas is used instead of neon, pinkish white light is obtained. These lamps are used as night lamps and as indicator lamps and used for the determination of the polarity of DC mains and for advertising purpose.


The tap changer is placed on high voltage side because:

1)      The HV winding generally wound over LV winding hence it is easier to access the HV winding turns instead of LV winding.

2)      Because of high voltage the current through the HV winding is less compared to LV windings, hence there is less “wear” on the tap changer contacts. Due this low current, in on load tap changer the change over spark will be less.


Tap changer Primary side:
In this type the tap changer circuit is placed in primary side or supply side. As we know;

    Turns ratio        = secondary winding turns (Ns)/ primary winding turns (Np).

           Secondary voltage = (supply voltage or primary voltage) / Turns ratio.

By the above formulas it is stated that if the primary turns decreases the turn’s ratio increases hence then secondary voltage decreases. Opposite for the reverse case i.e. primary turns increase leads to turns ratio decrease which increases the secondary voltage.

Figure shows the tap changer on primary winding with tap changing interval of 2.5 % per tap. With this we can understand three conditions:

Transformer Tap changer on Primary Side
Transformer Tap changer on Primary Side

1)      In normal operation the tap changer will be at 0% position to provide required designed secondary voltage.

2)   If the supply voltage increases or load current decreases there will be an increase in supply voltage which is not desirable. At this case the tap position in the primary winding will rise towards positive direction i.e. +2.5%, and hence decreases the Np. This will increases the turns ratio (Ns/Np) further decreases the secondary voltage.

Consider the load voltage decreased then the tap changer shift towards negative side to increase the primary turns and hence decreases the turn’s ratio. The secondary voltage will increase to compensate the change.

Tap changer Secondary side:

In this the tap changer is placed in secondary side of the transformer. This type of taping is used in step-up transformer where low voltage winding is in primary side and high voltage winding is in secondary side. Figure shows the tap changer circuit on secondary side with tap interval of 2.5 %. In some distribution transformers the tap changer resolution can be up to 1% for fine adjustments.

Transformer Tap changer on secondary Side
Transformer Tap changer on secondary Side

In this the case is reverse compared to primary tap changer. To increase the secondary voltage the tap changer will move towards positive direction and it moves in negative direction to decrease the secondary voltage.

Resistor values can be known by the color band.
0 black
1 brown
2 red
3 orange
4 yellow
5 green
6 blue 
7 violet
8 grey
9 white
First color = digit
Second color=digit
Third color= power of ten
Fourth color =tolerance
Now in the given question 50 × 100  ± 2%
5 = Green
0 = Black
100 = Black
± 2% = Red


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