Thursday, July 25, 2019

Electrical engineering formulas

Volt - unit of electrical potential or motive force - potential is required to send one ampere of current through one ohm of resistance


 


Ohm - unit of resistance - one ohm is the resistance offered to the passage of one ampere when impelled by one volt


 


Ampere - units of current - one ampere is the current which one volt can send through a resistance of one ohm


 


Watt - unit of electrical energy or power - one watt is the product of one ampere and one volt - one ampere of current flowing under the force of one volt gives one watt of energy


 


Volt-ampere (VA) - is a measurement of power in a direct current ( DC ) electrical circuit. The VA specification is also used in alternating current ( AC ) circuits, but it is less precise in this application, because it represents apparent power , which often differs from true power .


 


Kilovolt Ampere - one kilovolt ampere - KVA - is equal to 1000 volt amperes


 


Power Factor - ratio of watts to volt amperes


 


Most important Formulas:


 


Voltage V = I × R = P / I = √(P × R) in volts V         


Current I = V / R = P / V = √(P / R) in amperes A


Resistance R = V / I = P / I2 = V2 / P in ohms Ω    


Power P = V × I = R × I2 = V2 / R in watts W


 




 


Electrical Potential - Ohm's Law


 


Ohm's law can be expressed as:


 


V = R I         (1a)


 


V = P / I         (1b)


 


V = (P R)1/2         (1c)


 


Electric Current - Ohm's Law


 


I = V / R         (2a)


 


I = P / V         (2b)


 


I = (P / R)1/2         (2c)


 


Electric Resistance - Ohm's Law


 


R = V / I         (3a)


 


R = V2/ P         (3b)


 


R = P / I2         (3c)


 


Electric Power


 


P = V I         (4a)


 


P = R I2         (4b)


 


P = V2/ R         (4c)


 


where


 


P = power (watts, W), V = voltage (volts, V)


 


I = current (amperes, A), R = resistance (ohms, Ω)


 


Electric Energy :Electric energy is power multiplied time, or


 


W = P t      (5)


 


where


 


W = energy (Ws, J), t = time (s)


 


Electrical Motors : Electrical Motor Efficiency


 


μ = 746 Php / Pinput_w         (6)


 


where


 


μ = efficiency


 


Php = output horsepower (hp)


 


Pinput_w = input electrical power (watts)


 


or alternatively


 


μ = 746 Php / (1.732 V I PF)         (6b)


 


Electrical Motor - Power


 


P3-phase = (V I PF 1.732) / 1,000         (7)


 


where


 


P3-phase = electrical power 3-phase motor (kW)


 


PF = power factor electrical motor


 


Electrical Motor - Amps


 


I3-phase = (746 Php) / (1.732 V μ PF)         (7)


 


where


 


I3-phase = electrical current 3-phase motor (amps)


 


PF = power factor electrical motor


Electrical measurements


Quantity

Name

Definition

frequency f

hertz (Hz)

1/s

force F

newton (N)

kg•m/s²

pressure p

pascal (Pa) = N/m²

kg/m•s²

energy E

work joule (J) = N•m

kg•m²/s²

power P

watt (W) = J/s

kg•m²/s³

electric charge Q

coulomb (C) = A•s

A•s

voltage V

volt (V)= W/A

kg•m²/A•s³

current I

ampere (A) = Q/s

A

capacitance C

farad (F) = C/V = A•s/V = s/Ω

A²•s4/kg•m²

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