CLASSIFICATION OF EMERGENCIES
Emergencies are classified on the basis of the nature and severity of the incident. The
effect of the emergency may be restricted either to a small area of the plant or a few
individuals or it may pose damage to the installation staff. Emergencies of more
severe nature could result in unacceptably enhanced release of radioactive materials
or toxic/noxious substance from the plant of resulting in hazard in the surrounding
public domain. Accordingly the emergencies are classified into:
1. Plant emergency
2. Site emergency
3. Off-site emergency
Plant Emergency
This type of emergency is classified in to
a) Personal emergency
b) Emergency Alert
c) plant emergency
Personal Emergency: This involves accidents or incidents in any of the plant areas,
which call for emergency treatment of personal. The situation may result from
high radiation exposure or significant contamination or abnormal intake of
radioactivity by personal. The examples of personal emergencies are listed in
Annexure-I.
Emergency Alert/Emergency Standby: This involves abnormal conditions, which
have a potential to proliferate in to a more serious situation but still provide time
for pre-cautionary and constructive steps to prevent an emergency situation or
migrate its consequences. The examples of emergency Alert are listed in
Annexure-II.
Plant emergency This involves excessive release of radioactive materials or high
radiation fields in a section of the plant requiring operator action and/or automatic
operation of the safety system. Although positive isolation or restriction on
occupancy of the affected areas might be enforced, evacuation of personal might
be required if it is suspected that the doses to personal or likely to exceed the
intervention levels. The examples of plant emergency conditions or listed in
Annexure-III.
Site Emergency
This class of emergency arises due to situation, which seriously affect plant
operation involving high radiation fields in accessible areas and release of
radioactive materials extending beyond the plant up to the site environment. The
protective measures such as incorporation of stable Iodine, sheltering and evacuation
of personal from plant areas other than control room to areas designated to be
habitable under the site emergency conditions and evacuation of non-essential
persons from the site may be considered. The examples of site-emergency condition
are listed in
Annexure –IV.
Off-site Emergency
An Off site emergency situation results when the release of radioactive materials
from the plant is of a magnitude necessitating protective action to be taken for
members of the public in the neighborhood of the plant.
EMERGENCY DECLARATION AND NOTIFICATIONS:
Declaration of Emergencies shall be made by the Duty SCE / PED based on the
information from the plant or as per the advice from Kaiga emergency Committee
(KGEC).
Declaration of Emergency: Siren will be sounded as described below for declaring
emergency. Following the Siren, there should be an announcement.
Siren: Short intermittent siren 5 seconds on, 5 seconds off for a period of two
minutes.
Emergency Announcement:
The announcement shall be made as follows;
"ATTENTION ALL PERSONNEL - THERE IS PLANT EMERGENCY"
THE INCIDENT AREA IS …………………………………….
THE ASSEMBLY AREA IS ……………………………………
THE EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE IS……………...…..
PERSONS PRESENT AT …………… SHOULD AVOID GOING TO ………...
This announcement shall be repeated thrice in English, Hindi and Kannada.
Evacuation: Evacuation if necessary will be made by announcement on Public
Address (PA) system.
Termination of Emergency: A continuous Siren is sounded for 2 minutes. Following
the emergency Siren, there shall be an announcement in English, Hindi and Kannada
on public address system terminating the emergency.
Notification Codes:
The messages for notification of start/termination of on site and off-site emergencies
are indicated as follows. These should be disseminated to various agencies. The
codes for notification of commencement or termination of various types of
emergencies are:
a) External radiation exposure (mSv) DAC-hr (HTO) DAC-hr(I-131)
DAC-hr (I-131) ------(≤ 1)
(For meeting iodine thyroid dose limit of 50 mSv)
The explanatory notes for these guidelines are given in
Annexure-IX.
Countermeasures during a radiation emergency: Following countermeasures have
been identified for control of exposures during a radiological emergency within the
plant site areas and in the public domain.
1. Sheltering
2. Administration of Stable Iodine
3. Evacuation.
4. Relocation.
5. Control of Access.
6. Control of Food and Water
7. Decontamination of Affected Areas and Buildings.
DOMAIN:
Domain 1 = 0.1 mSv/hr
Domain 2 = 0.01 mSv/hr
Domain 3 = less than 0.01 mSv/hr
Stochastic and Deterministic effects.
Stochastic effects: Stochastic effects are those for which the probability of an effect
occurring, rather than its severity, is regarded as a function of dose, without
threshold. Example: Cancer.
Deterministic effects: Deterministic effects are those for which the severity of the
effect varies with the dose, and for which a threshold may, therefore, occur.
Examples Cataract, permanent or temporary sterility.
Practices: Any human activity, which increases the overall exposure to radiation, is
a "Practice" such as operation of nuclear power stations.
Intervention: Any human action intended to reduce or avert exposures to sources
which are not part of controlled practices or which are out of control as a
consequence of an accident is "Intervention".
Objectives of Radiation Protection: Prevent deterministic effects and to limit the
stochastic effects to levels deemed to be acceptable.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4_D50vMu1wbQrPaLFYo6Eg https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4_D50vMu1wbQrPaLFYo6Eg RRB JE, SSC AE/JE UPSSSC JE, SSC JE, CIVIL ENGINEERING MCQs, ELECTICAL ENGINEERING MCQs, preavious year quesion papers, dmrc, lmrc, drdo,rrb ntpc, ntpc, pgcil, dsssb, states board, GATE IES EE, ESE, ECE, ME, CE, IT & CS EXAM MATERIALS & OLD PAPERS Electrical Engineering https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot Daily news & current affairs in hindi & english fully updated Daily current affairs https://t.me/newsdailypkr Engineering Discussion group for your upcoming exams, you can ask your any query regarding your problem,๐๐๐ https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA PKR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING I am sure this is the best place for you guys subscribe and get success IF YOU WANT TO JOIN ME ON TELEGRAM FOR PDF @newsdailypkr AE/JE EE, ESE, ECE, ME, CE, IT & CS EXAM MATERIALS & OLD PAPERS Electrical Engineering https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot facebook page:- Pravendra Kumar Rajpoot https://t.me/newsdailypkr https://chat.whatsapp.com/5AS7dNFTP4H4vVsiWsqHrT https://t.me/srk50 https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot Daily news & current affairs in hindi & english fully updated Daily current affairs https://t.me/newsdailypkr Engineering Discussion group for your upcoming exams, you can ask your any query regarding your problem,๐๐๐ https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA PKR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING I am sure this is the best place for you guys subscribe and get success IF YOU WANT TO JOIN ME ON TELEGRAM FOR PDF @newsdailypkr AE/JE EE, ESE, ECE, ME, CE, IT & CS EXAM MATERIALS & OLD PAPERS Electrical Engineering https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot facebook page:- Pravendra Kumar Rajpoot https://t.me/newsdailypkr https://chat.whatsapp.com/5AS7dNFTP4H4vVsiWsqHrT https://t.me/srk50 https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA
Emergencies are classified on the basis of the nature and severity of the incident. The
effect of the emergency may be restricted either to a small area of the plant or a few
individuals or it may pose damage to the installation staff. Emergencies of more
severe nature could result in unacceptably enhanced release of radioactive materials
or toxic/noxious substance from the plant of resulting in hazard in the surrounding
public domain. Accordingly the emergencies are classified into:
1. Plant emergency
2. Site emergency
3. Off-site emergency
Plant Emergency
This type of emergency is classified in to
a) Personal emergency
b) Emergency Alert
c) plant emergency
Personal Emergency: This involves accidents or incidents in any of the plant areas,
which call for emergency treatment of personal. The situation may result from
high radiation exposure or significant contamination or abnormal intake of
radioactivity by personal. The examples of personal emergencies are listed in
Annexure-I.
Emergency Alert/Emergency Standby: This involves abnormal conditions, which
have a potential to proliferate in to a more serious situation but still provide time
for pre-cautionary and constructive steps to prevent an emergency situation or
migrate its consequences. The examples of emergency Alert are listed in
Annexure-II.
Plant emergency This involves excessive release of radioactive materials or high
radiation fields in a section of the plant requiring operator action and/or automatic
operation of the safety system. Although positive isolation or restriction on
occupancy of the affected areas might be enforced, evacuation of personal might
be required if it is suspected that the doses to personal or likely to exceed the
intervention levels. The examples of plant emergency conditions or listed in
Annexure-III.
Site Emergency
This class of emergency arises due to situation, which seriously affect plant
operation involving high radiation fields in accessible areas and release of
radioactive materials extending beyond the plant up to the site environment. The
protective measures such as incorporation of stable Iodine, sheltering and evacuation
of personal from plant areas other than control room to areas designated to be
habitable under the site emergency conditions and evacuation of non-essential
persons from the site may be considered. The examples of site-emergency condition
are listed in
Annexure –IV.
Off-site Emergency
An Off site emergency situation results when the release of radioactive materials
from the plant is of a magnitude necessitating protective action to be taken for
members of the public in the neighborhood of the plant.
EMERGENCY DECLARATION AND NOTIFICATIONS:
Declaration of Emergencies shall be made by the Duty SCE / PED based on the
information from the plant or as per the advice from Kaiga emergency Committee
(KGEC).
Declaration of Emergency: Siren will be sounded as described below for declaring
emergency. Following the Siren, there should be an announcement.
Siren: Short intermittent siren 5 seconds on, 5 seconds off for a period of two
minutes.
Emergency Announcement:
The announcement shall be made as follows;
"ATTENTION ALL PERSONNEL - THERE IS PLANT EMERGENCY"
THE INCIDENT AREA IS …………………………………….
THE ASSEMBLY AREA IS ……………………………………
THE EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE IS……………...…..
PERSONS PRESENT AT …………… SHOULD AVOID GOING TO ………...
This announcement shall be repeated thrice in English, Hindi and Kannada.
Evacuation: Evacuation if necessary will be made by announcement on Public
Address (PA) system.
Termination of Emergency: A continuous Siren is sounded for 2 minutes. Following
the emergency Siren, there shall be an announcement in English, Hindi and Kannada
on public address system terminating the emergency.
Notification Codes:
The messages for notification of start/termination of on site and off-site emergencies
are indicated as follows. These should be disseminated to various agencies. The
codes for notification of commencement or termination of various types of
emergencies are:
a) External radiation exposure (mSv) DAC-hr (HTO) DAC-hr(I-131)
DAC-hr (I-131) ------(≤ 1)
(For meeting iodine thyroid dose limit of 50 mSv)
The explanatory notes for these guidelines are given in
Annexure-IX.
Countermeasures during a radiation emergency: Following countermeasures have
been identified for control of exposures during a radiological emergency within the
plant site areas and in the public domain.
1. Sheltering
2. Administration of Stable Iodine
3. Evacuation.
4. Relocation.
5. Control of Access.
6. Control of Food and Water
7. Decontamination of Affected Areas and Buildings.
DOMAIN:
Domain 1 = 0.1 mSv/hr
Domain 2 = 0.01 mSv/hr
Domain 3 = less than 0.01 mSv/hr
Stochastic and Deterministic effects.
Stochastic effects: Stochastic effects are those for which the probability of an effect
occurring, rather than its severity, is regarded as a function of dose, without
threshold. Example: Cancer.
Deterministic effects: Deterministic effects are those for which the severity of the
effect varies with the dose, and for which a threshold may, therefore, occur.
Examples Cataract, permanent or temporary sterility.
Practices: Any human activity, which increases the overall exposure to radiation, is
a "Practice" such as operation of nuclear power stations.
Intervention: Any human action intended to reduce or avert exposures to sources
which are not part of controlled practices or which are out of control as a
consequence of an accident is "Intervention".
Objectives of Radiation Protection: Prevent deterministic effects and to limit the
stochastic effects to levels deemed to be acceptable.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4_D50vMu1wbQrPaLFYo6Eg https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4_D50vMu1wbQrPaLFYo6Eg RRB JE, SSC AE/JE UPSSSC JE, SSC JE, CIVIL ENGINEERING MCQs, ELECTICAL ENGINEERING MCQs, preavious year quesion papers, dmrc, lmrc, drdo,rrb ntpc, ntpc, pgcil, dsssb, states board, GATE IES EE, ESE, ECE, ME, CE, IT & CS EXAM MATERIALS & OLD PAPERS Electrical Engineering https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot Daily news & current affairs in hindi & english fully updated Daily current affairs https://t.me/newsdailypkr Engineering Discussion group for your upcoming exams, you can ask your any query regarding your problem,๐๐๐ https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA PKR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING I am sure this is the best place for you guys subscribe and get success IF YOU WANT TO JOIN ME ON TELEGRAM FOR PDF @newsdailypkr AE/JE EE, ESE, ECE, ME, CE, IT & CS EXAM MATERIALS & OLD PAPERS Electrical Engineering https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot facebook page:- Pravendra Kumar Rajpoot https://t.me/newsdailypkr https://chat.whatsapp.com/5AS7dNFTP4H4vVsiWsqHrT https://t.me/srk50 https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot Daily news & current affairs in hindi & english fully updated Daily current affairs https://t.me/newsdailypkr Engineering Discussion group for your upcoming exams, you can ask your any query regarding your problem,๐๐๐ https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA PKR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING I am sure this is the best place for you guys subscribe and get success IF YOU WANT TO JOIN ME ON TELEGRAM FOR PDF @newsdailypkr AE/JE EE, ESE, ECE, ME, CE, IT & CS EXAM MATERIALS & OLD PAPERS Electrical Engineering https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot facebook page:- Pravendra Kumar Rajpoot https://t.me/newsdailypkr https://chat.whatsapp.com/5AS7dNFTP4H4vVsiWsqHrT https://t.me/srk50 https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA
No comments:
Post a Comment