Building construction Foundations part-2

Building construction

Foundations
🔸 Lowest parts of the structure which are  in direct contact with the ground and which transmit the loads of the structure to the ground are known as Foundation

♦️ Types of foundation

1. Shallow foundation

👉 The depth of foundations are generally equal to or less than its width is called shallow foundation.

🔸 Types of shallow foundation

👉 Wall Footing : These footings can be either simple or stepped.

👉 Isolated Footings : These are used to support individual. 
columns

👉 Combined Footing : A combined footing supports two or more  columns in a row. A Combined footing may be rectangular or  trapezoidal constructed with reinforced concrete.

👉 Inverted Arch Footing : This type of construction is used on 
soft soils to reduce the depth of foundation loads above an opening are transmitted from supporting walls through inverted  arches to the soil.

👉 Strap or cantilever footing : Strap footing consists of two or 
more individual footings connected by a beam called strap or  cantilever footing or pump handle foundation.

👉 Grillage footing : This type of footing is used to transmit heavy loads from steel columns to foundation soils having low bearing capacity

👉 Raft Foundation: A raft or mat is a combined footing that 
covers the entire area beneath a structure and supports all the 
columns.
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🔸 Lowest parts of the structure which are  in direct contact with the ground and which transmit the loads of the structure to the ground are known as Foundation

♦️ Types of foundation

1. Shallow foundation

👉 The depth of foundations are generally equal to or less than its width is called shallow foundation.

🔸 Types of shallow foundation

👉 Wall Footing : These footings can be either simple or stepped.

👉 Isolated Footings : These are used to support individual.
columns

👉 Combined Footing : A combined footing supports two or more  columns in a row. A Combined footing may be rectangular or  trapezoidal constructed with reinforced concrete.

👉 Inverted Arch Footing : This type of construction is used on
soft soils to reduce the depth of foundation loads above an opening are transmitted from supporting walls through inverted  arches to the soil.

👉 Strap or cantilever footing : Strap footing consists of two or
more individual footings connected by a beam called strap or  cantilever footing or pump handle foundation.

👉 Grillage footing : This type of footing is used to transmit heavy loads from steel columns to foundation soils having low bearing capacity

👉 Raft Foundation: A raft or mat is a combined footing that
covers the entire area beneath a structure and supports all the
columns.


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