Well hydraulics

Well hydraulics

🔸 Aquifer

👉 Aquifer is the saturated formation which not only stores water but also yield sufficient quantity.

👉 Ex. Unconsolidated deposits of sand &gravel forms aquifer

🔸 Aquitard

👉 Aquitard is the saturated formation through which only seepage is possible but it's yield is insufficient. It is partly permeable in nature.

👉 Ex:-Sandy-clay unit.

🔸 Aquiclude

👉 It is geological formation which is essentially impermeable to the flow of water.

👉 Ex:- Clay.

🔸 Aquifuge

👉 It is geological formation which neither contains water nor transmits through it.

👉 Ex:- Massive compacted rock without fractures.

♦️ Types of aquifer

1. Unconfined aquifer : Also known as water table aquifer.

2. Confined aquifer (Artesian aquifer) : An aquifer confined between two impervious beds such as aquicludes or aquifuge.

🔸 The voume of water that can be extracted by force gravity form a unit volume of aquifer material is called specific yield

🔸 The discharge per unit drawdown at a well known as specific capacity

🔸 The unit of intrinsic permeability is Sq.cm

🔸 Storage coefficient (S) is dimensionless

🔸 Specific yield (Sy) + Specific retention (Sr) = Porosity

🔸 For open wells the ratio of safe depression head to critical depression head is 1/3

🔸 The ratio of water level change to atmospheric pressure head is called barometric efficiency.


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