Nuclear reactor theory
1. State the law of conservation of mass and energy.
Mass and energy are interchangeable. When mass is lost there is a substantial gain in
energy and when energy is lost there is a increase in mass.
Energy = mass*C2
E = MC2
Where C is the conversion factor = 3*1010 (velocity of light)
C2 = 9*1020
2. Which of the following material is good moderator? Why?
a. H2 b. D2 c. H2O d. D2O e. Beryllium f. Graphite.
The functions of a good moderator are
a. It has to thermalise neutrons effectively.
b. There should be only a minimum absorption of neutrons.
c. It should not be toxic.
d. It should not be inflammable.
In case of Hydrogen (H2) though it is a effective sheatherer it cannot be used as a
moderator because it is a gas and there is a lot of distance between atoms. A neutron
cannot meet the nucleus in a definite manner.
For D2 also the same problem as this is also gas and it cannot be used as a moderator.
In case of H2O it is a good scatterer but is absorbs neutrons. Its moderation ratio is
72. So it cannot be used as a moderator.
In case of D2O though it is not as effective scatterer as that of H2O it has minimum
absorption of neutrons. It has a moderating ratio of 21000. This is an ideal
moderator.
In case of Beryllium it is a toxic material. Therefore cannot be used.
Graphite absorbs neutrons and is inflammable and therefore cannot be used.
So from the above statements the D2O is the good moderator material.
3. The activity of an Iodine – 131 is 10 curies. After how many half-lives will it come
down to 625 millicuries?
Activity of an Iodine – 131 = 10 curies
To find number of half-lives for coming it to 625 millicuries,
10 * 1st = 5 (1st half-life)
5* = 2.5 (2nd half-life)
2.5 * = 1.25 (3rd half-life)
1.25 * = 0.625 (4th half-life)
So during 4th half-life the Iodine – 131 reduces to 625 millicuries.
4. What do Atomic number and mixture mean?
Atomic number: The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in that
atom.
Example – Hydrogen has one proton and its atomic number is one (1).
– Uranium has 92 protons and its atomic number is 92.
Mixture: It is a substance formed by different elements and these elements can be
separated by physical methods.
Example – Air is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen and these can be separated by
physical methods.
5. What is the weight of a proton?
1.00759 amu (atomic mass unit)
6. What is the energy of a thermal neutron?
0.025 eV (energy volt)
7. What is the charge of an alpha particle?
2+.
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1. State the law of conservation of mass and energy.
Mass and energy are interchangeable. When mass is lost there is a substantial gain in
energy and when energy is lost there is a increase in mass.
Energy = mass*C2
E = MC2
Where C is the conversion factor = 3*1010 (velocity of light)
C2 = 9*1020
2. Which of the following material is good moderator? Why?
a. H2 b. D2 c. H2O d. D2O e. Beryllium f. Graphite.
The functions of a good moderator are
a. It has to thermalise neutrons effectively.
b. There should be only a minimum absorption of neutrons.
c. It should not be toxic.
d. It should not be inflammable.
In case of Hydrogen (H2) though it is a effective sheatherer it cannot be used as a
moderator because it is a gas and there is a lot of distance between atoms. A neutron
cannot meet the nucleus in a definite manner.
For D2 also the same problem as this is also gas and it cannot be used as a moderator.
In case of H2O it is a good scatterer but is absorbs neutrons. Its moderation ratio is
72. So it cannot be used as a moderator.
In case of D2O though it is not as effective scatterer as that of H2O it has minimum
absorption of neutrons. It has a moderating ratio of 21000. This is an ideal
moderator.
In case of Beryllium it is a toxic material. Therefore cannot be used.
Graphite absorbs neutrons and is inflammable and therefore cannot be used.
So from the above statements the D2O is the good moderator material.
down to 625 millicuries?
Activity of an Iodine – 131 = 10 curies
To find number of half-lives for coming it to 625 millicuries,
10 * 1st = 5 (1st half-life)
5* = 2.5 (2nd half-life)
2.5 * = 1.25 (3rd half-life)
1.25 * = 0.625 (4th half-life)
So during 4th half-life the Iodine – 131 reduces to 625 millicuries.
4. What do Atomic number and mixture mean?
Atomic number: The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in that
atom.
Example – Hydrogen has one proton and its atomic number is one (1).
– Uranium has 92 protons and its atomic number is 92.
Mixture: It is a substance formed by different elements and these elements can be
separated by physical methods.
Example – Air is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen and these can be separated by
physical methods.
5. What is the weight of a proton?
1.00759 amu (atomic mass unit)
6. What is the energy of a thermal neutron?
0.025 eV (energy volt)
7. What is the charge of an alpha particle?
2+.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4_D50vMu1wbQrPaLFYo6Eg https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4_D50vMu1wbQrPaLFYo6Eg RRB JE, SSC AE/JE UPSSSC JE, SSC JE, CIVIL ENGINEERING MCQs, ELECTICAL ENGINEERING MCQs, preavious year quesion papers, dmrc, lmrc, drdo,rrb ntpc, ntpc, pgcil, dsssb, states board, GATE IES EE, ESE, ECE, ME, CE, IT & CS EXAM MATERIALS & OLD PAPERS Electrical Engineering https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot Daily news & current affairs in hindi & english fully updated Daily current affairs https://t.me/newsdailypkr Engineering Discussion group for your upcoming exams, you can ask your any query regarding your problem,๐๐๐ https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA PKR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING I am sure this is the best place for you guys subscribe and get success IF YOU WANT TO JOIN ME ON TELEGRAM FOR PDF @newsdailypkr AE/JE EE, ESE, ECE, ME, CE, IT & CS EXAM MATERIALS & OLD PAPERS Electrical Engineering https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot facebook page:- Pravendra Kumar Rajpoot https://t.me/newsdailypkr https://chat.whatsapp.com/5AS7dNFTP4H4vVsiWsqHrT https://t.me/srk50 https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot Daily news & current affairs in hindi & english fully updated Daily current affairs https://t.me/newsdailypkr Engineering Discussion group for your upcoming exams, you can ask your any query regarding your problem,๐๐๐ https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA PKR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING I am sure this is the best place for you guys subscribe and get success IF YOU WANT TO JOIN ME ON TELEGRAM FOR PDF @newsdailypkr AE/JE EE, ESE, ECE, ME, CE, IT & CS EXAM MATERIALS & OLD PAPERS Electrical Engineering https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot facebook page:- Pravendra Kumar Rajpoot https://t.me/newsdailypkr https://chat.whatsapp.com/5AS7dNFTP4H4vVsiWsqHrT https://t.me/srk50 https://t.me/pravendrarajpoot https://t.me/joinchat/JObxeA7n6S4qvnegrGhTgA
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