ELECTRICAL LOAD LIST – The Foundation of Power System Design 📘
In any EPC, industrial, or infrastructure project, the Electrical Load List is one of the most critical engineering documents.
If this document is incorrect or incomplete, the entire electrical system — from transformers to cables — can be underdesigned or oversized.
It is not just a spreadsheet.
It is the starting point of the entire electrical design philosophy.
🔎 What is an Electrical Load List?
An Electrical Load List is a comprehensive tabulation of all electrical loads connected to the power system.
It includes:
⚙️ Motors
🔥 Heaters
💡 Lighting & Receptacles
🔋 UPS Loads
🏭 Packaged Units
🛠 Utilities & Auxiliary Systems
❄️ HVAC Equipment
🎛 Instrumentation & Control Loads
It provides a clear picture of total connected load, demand load, and emergency load.
🎯 Why is the Electrical Load List So Important?
A properly prepared load list forms the basis for:
✅ Transformer sizing
✅ DG / Emergency generator sizing
✅ HT & LT switchgear rating selection
✅ Cable sizing & voltage drop calculations
✅ Busbar sizing
✅ Load flow & short circuit studies
✅ UPS capacity calculation
✅ Emergency load segregation
✅ Interdisciplinary coordination
Any error here propagates throughout the design.
📥 Primary Inputs Required
To prepare an accurate load list, the following inputs are required:
➡️ Electrical Design Basis
➡️ Single Line Diagram (SLD)
➡️ Vendor Datasheets (Motors, Heaters, VFDs, UPS, Packages)
➡️ Project Load Philosophy
🤝 Inputs from Other Disciplines
The load list is a multidisciplinary coordination document.
🧪 Process Discipline
Process typically provides:
✔ Tag Number
✔ Equipment Description
✔ Operating Mode (Running / Standby / Intermittent)
✔ Rated / Absorbed kW
✔ Normal / Emergency classification
⚙️ Mechanical – Rotary Equipment
✔ Pumps
✔ Compressors
✔ Fans & Blowers
✔ Auxiliary systems not captured in main equipment list
🏗 Mechanical – Packaged Equipment
✔ EOT Cranes
✔ DG Auxiliary Loads
✔ Elevators / Hoists
✔ Skid-mounted packages
🧱 Mechanical – Static Equipment
✔ Heaters
✔ Heat tracing loads
✔ Non-rotating skid loads
❄️ HVAC
✔ Chillers
✔ AHUs / FCUs
✔ Ventilation systems
🎛 Instrumentation & Control
✔ MOV Loads
✔ Analyzer Panels
✔ DCS / PLC panels
✔ UPS & control system loads
💡 Electrical (Internal Loads)
✔ Lighting loads
✔ Receptacle loads
✔ UPS loads
✔ Battery chargers
✔ Space heaters
📊 Data to be Included in the Electrical Load List
A professional load list must contain:
🔢 Identification Details
➡️ Tag Number
➡️ Equipment Description
➡️ Revision Number
➡️ Remarks
⚙️ Operational Details
➡️ Running / Standby / Intermittent
➡️ Normal / Emergency classification
➡️ Demand factor
➡️ Diversity factor (if applicable)
⚡ Electrical Parameters
➡️ Rated kW / HP
➡️ Absorbed kW / HP
➡️ Load Factor
➡️ Voltage
➡️ Full Load Current (A)
➡️ Power Factor
➡️ Efficiency
🔌 System & Connection Details
➡️ Starter Type (DOL / Star-Delta / Soft Starter / VFD)
➡️ Load Type (Motor / Heater / Static / VFD)
➡️ Number of Phases
➡️ RPM (for motors)
➡️ Supply From (Switchgear / MCC / PCC / UPS DB)
➡️ Bus Section Identification
💡 Important Engineering Tips
🔸 Always use absorbed power for system sizing — not just rated nameplate power
🔸 Confirm standby philosophy clearly (100% standby vs shared standby)
🔸 Separate normal, emergency, and essential loads
🔸 Apply appropriate diversity factors
🔸 Cross-check with SLD and equipment list regularly
🔸 Maintain strict revision control throughout the project lifecycle
📌 Final Takeaway
The Electrical Load List is not just documentation —
it is the backbone of the entire power system design.
From transformer rating to cable sizing, every major decision originates here.
A well-prepared load list ensures:
✔ Accurate system sizing
✔ Reliable power distribution
✔ Cost optimization
✔ Smooth inter-disciplinary coordination
✔ Reduced redesign and rework
💬 What challenges do you face while preparing load lists — late vendor data, standby philosophy confusion, or frequent revisions?
Let’s exchange practical insights.
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