CHAPTER V
OPERATION OF TRACTION POWER CONTROL 20500 Remote Control Centre
The Remote Control Centre (RCC) constitutes the 'heart' of the control system from where the switching operations over the electrified system are controlled by one single authority i.e., the Traction Power Controller.
20501 Manning of RCC
The RCC shall be manned throughout the 24 hours. There shall be shifts in each of which there will be at least one Traction Power Controller (TPC) who shall be in charge and, depending upon the workload, an Assistant Traction Power Controller (ATPC) to assist him. The CTPC will be directly responsible for the correctness of all switching operations and entries in the Log Book. No person is permitted to operate the control switches except with the specific permission and knowledge of CTPC. No person shall be permitted to work as a TPC or ATPC, unless so authorized in writing by Sr.DEE (TrD).
20502 Knowledge of Rules
TPC (and ATPC where provided) shall be fully conversant at all times with the rules and regulations laid down by the Administration as well as with the details of the electrical distribution system. He shall keep all instructions issued from time to time as well as copies of documents like General and Subsidiary Rules, Station Working Rules etc. ready at hand. He shall keep all books and records up-to-date, posting all correction slips on the day of receipt in the appropriate document.
20503 Entry into RCC
No person is permitted to enter the RCC unless he has an authority for the purpose. The TPC and ATPC who are on duty shall not be disturbed or distracted.
20504 Shift Duty
No interchange of shift duty or variation of hours shall be permitted without the specific sanction of DEE/AEE (TrD). In case of unavoidable circumstances the staff may make the necessary arrangement with other shift duty staff before approaching AEE (TrD) for permission. No one shall leave his post of duty until he is relieved by an authorised person.
20505 Shift Duty Register
A shift Duty Register shall be maintained in which shall be noted every change of shift duty. Before handing over charge, the outgoing TPC shall record in the Shift Duty Register all points (shut downs, power blocks, defects in plant, any special instructions > eceived, pending message, if any etc.) requiring the attention of the TPC who takes over. Before taking over of ?. shift duty, the TPC shall scrutinize all the entries recorded during the previous shift in the Shift Duty Register a;i j in the log book, study the entire mimic diagram in the presence of the previous shift TPC and clear all points of doubt, if any. He should then sign with time in the Shift Duty Register, thereby admitting having taken over correctly and assuming full responsibility from then onwards.
20506 Repair and Adjustment of RC Equipment
1. TPC shall not repair, adjust or any way interfere with any of the RC equipment at the RCC except for carrying out switching operations. Every defect shall be reported at once to the Chief Traction Foreman (Remote Control) or the Assistant Traction Foreman (Remote Control), who are responsible for the maintenance work.
2. No work may be commenced by any person on remote control or power supply equipment at the RCC or any controlled post without prior intimation to and approval of the TPC on duty, who shall record the event in the Log Book. At the end of the work, the TPC should test the equipment on remote control and satisfy himself that everything is in order.
20507 Switching Operations to be Deliberate
Since all circuit breakers and interrupters are operated through remote control, the TPC will have control over the switching operations over a wide area. The time required for each operation is of the order of only a few seconds. Every switching operation should, therefore, be carried out only after due thought and deliberation. Operation of several switches simultaneously should be avoided as far as possible as it may lead to wrong operations.
20508 liaison with Section Controller
While the Section Controller is directly in charge of all movements of trains, TPC is directly responsible for maintaining the power supply for all electrified tracks. For operation of the train services, it is necessary that the close liaison be maintained between the Section Controller and the TPC at all times. The particulars of communication facilities provided for this purpose have been described in Chapter II of Vol. I.
The TPC should also be in touch with the operators at the various Grid Substations.
20509 Prompt Attention to Telephone Calls
Either TPC or the ATPC shall attend promptly to all calls received on any of the telephones at the RCC, priority however being given to emergency telephone and TPC telephone.
20510 Log Book
The Log Book is a primary minute-to-minute record of every switching operation carried out at the RCC, every interruptions to power supply, unusual or abnormal occurrences, messages received over the telephones, special instructions received from superior officers, defects reported in equipment and action taken to have them rectified as and when they occur, in chronological order.
20511 Movements of Maintenance Staff
It is also the duty of the TPC to keep a track of the movements of all maintenance staff of the Traction Distribution Branch so that in an emergency he is in a position to summon the nearest gang/person, as required. It is primarily the duty of the maintenance staff to keep the TPC informed of their movements - which shall be recorded in a "Register of staff movements."
20512 Checking of Time
The TPC shall check the correctness of the time on the clock at 1600 h of each day when time signal is received from the Traffic Control Office.
20513 Alarm Circuits
At every change of shift, the TPC taking over shall check all the alarm circuits and carry out a lamp test of the mimic diagram panel wherever this facility exists.
20514 Emergency Generator Set
A 415/240V, ac, 50 Hz, 3 phase Diesel Engine Driven Generator Set is provided at each RCC for feeding of the essential loads in the event of failure of the mains supply. Each TPC and ATPC shall be fully conversant with the starting of the Generator Set. It shall be started and worked for an hour at least once a week if it has not been operated due to failure of mains supply.
20515 Duties of Chief Traction Power Controller
The Chief Traction Power Controller (CTPC) shall perform the following duties:-
1. Study of all failure reports of OHE, switching stations etc. daily specially in so far. as they affect the operation of trains and submit connected periodical reports to AEE (TrD). He shall maintain complete statistical data relating to operation of RC equipment and ensure that the schedules of maintenance are carried out regularly;
2. Scrutiny of traffic delays shown against the Traction Distribution Branch and liaison with the Chief Controller, as necessary, for ensuring the correctness of the records;
3. Maintenance of close contact with the Chief, Deputy and Section Controllers, TPC and ATPC, TLC Sr DEE (TrD) and AEE (TrD) and study of all problems relating to train operations, as far as the Traction Distribution Branch is concerned, to seek solutions;
4. Scrutinize the Log Book and the Shift Duty Register once a day and ensure that they are properly maintained and action as necessary is taken;
5. In an emergency or disorganization be in direct touch with the Traffic Control Office and help in every way to restore and maintain the train services and take over operation of power control himself, if required;
6. Ensure that TPCs and ATPCs are adhering to the rules and instructions in force. Study all the rules in force and suggest amendments, modifications, corrections as may be found necessary in practice.
7. Co-ordinate the Weekly Power Block Programme of all traction staff and other department and finalize it in consultation with the Traffic Department. Take steps to adhere to the agreed programme as far as practicable.
8. Compile periodical statistics from the data collected on SCADA system and as per instruction of Sr. DEE/TrD including the analysis of failures on the SRC system, and submit them to Sr. DEE/TrD.
9. Report daily to the CEE's office all matters as laid down by the CEE.
20516 Duties of Traction Power Controller
He is the official in direct charge of the control of 25 kV power supply for electric traction and shall be fully acquainted with all the traction power supply installations, and sectionalizing arrangements. There will be a TPC in each shift in the RCC and, depending upon the workload, he may be assisted by an ATPC. The essential duties of the TPC/ATPC are as under :
1. When taking over shift duty, he should acquaint himself with the prevailing position of the entire section including working of the RC equipment, condition of all transformers, circuit breakers, interrupters and isolators, sections under power block, any special instructions to be carried out, movements or important officials connected with the traction distribution system, position of the OHE Inspection Cars and breakdown vehicles etc.;
2. Maintain continuous contact with the Power Supply Authorities;
3. Maintain continuous contact with the Traffic Section Controllers in regard to power supply affecting train movements, imposition of power blocks etc.;
4. In the event of power supply interruptions or other failures, take prompt action in accordance with prescribed rules and local instructions for restoration of supply;
5. Imposition of and removal of power blocks as required, following the prescribed procedure and safety rules.
6. In the event of power supply failures, OHE break-downs, accidents etc. in the electrified section, advise promptly the concerned Foreman, AEE, DEE/Sr. DEE (and other officials in accordance with local instructions), and keep them posted with ail important developments;
7. Record in the Log Book, on prescribed proforma, full details of all switching operations carried out, power blocks imposed or refused (or delayed) and other occurrences in the distribution system;
8. Maintain the following registers and records in the proforma prescribed :-
(i) Shift Duty Register indicating points of importance including messages, movements of ODC involving power blocks and other details to be noted by following shifts.
(ii) Record of standing instructions.
(iii) Register of temporary instructions.
(iv) Register of Staff Movements;
(v) Emergency Telephone Testing Register.
(vi) Register of train delays due to failures of signal supply.
(viii) Weather forecast register.
9. By 10 h each day submit the following reports to Sr. DEE/ DEE (TrD) and other officials as laid down in local instructions:-
(i) List of power blocks availed.
(ii) Particulars of telecommunication failures.
(iii) Particulars of RC failures.
(iv) Power Supply failures.
(v) Maximum demand and energy consumption at each traction sub-station.
(vi) Condition of traction sub-station equipment.
(vii) All unusual occurrences, if any.
20517 Failure of Traction Power Supply
Failure of 25 kV ac, 50 Hz Signal phase power supply can be due to -
(a) failure of equipment of Supply Authorities or
(b) failure of railway equipment.
When the indications at the RCC are that failure of power supply is over the entire area fed by one sub-station, the cause and likely duration of failure should be ascertained immediately from the Operator of the Grid sub-station.
20518 Failures of Grid Supply
In the event of failure of Grid power supply at a sub-station, if the Operator at the Grid sub-station advises that he anticipates that the power supply may not be restored in less than 3 min, the TPC should immediately initiate emergency working extending the feed from the adjacent substation upto the failed sub-station, as a first step. He should inform the Sr DEE /DEE (TrD), AEE (TrD) and Section Controller of this situation. He should also keep in continuous communication with the Grid substation, persue and restore supply to OHE as quickly as possible.
20519 Prolonged Power Supply Failures
1. If the power supply is anticipated to be restored after 10 minutes, as ascertained from the Operator at the Grid sub-station, or if he is unable to state when power supply is likely to be restored, TPC shall immediately proceed as follows:
(a) Advise the Deputy/Section Controller that emergency feeding arrangements are being introduced in the area fed by the particular sub-station. The Section Controller shall then inform the stations on either side of the concerned feeding post to issue caution orders to every electric loco and EMU driver entering the affected area to lower pantographs while passing the feeding post, specifying the structure number at which the Driver shall lower pantograph and the structure number on reaching which, he may raise it. The Section Controller shall also repeat the information to all loco sheds, both major and minor, and to all train ordering stations. After this has been done the Section Controller shall confirm to the TPC that instructions for issue of caution orders for lowering of pantographs have been issued and emergency feeding arrangements may be made. These instructions do not apply for locations where short neutral section assemblies have been provided opposite the feeding post.
(The Drivers of electric and EMU locomotives shall, however, continue to observe instructions regarding "Open DJ" and "Close DJ" at the neutral sections as usual).
(b) On receipt of the above information, TPC will open the two 25 kV feeder circuit breakers at the substation where supply is interrupted and put "Red Warning Caps"/"Device inhibited tags" on the corresponding control switches in the RCC.
(c) TPC will then close the bridging interruptors at the neutral sections on either side.
(d) On restoration of supply from the grid sub-station, "Red Warning Caps"/"Device inhibited tags" shall not be removed and the feeder circuit breakers shall not be closed until the bridging interruptors have been opened first.
2. If emergency feeding is to be continued for long periods, temporary signals for lowering and raising of pantographs shall be provided.
20520 Faults on Railway Equipment and Lines
Any faults on OHE and 25 kV feeders lines will cause the corresponding feeder circuit breaker to trip, thus interrupting supply to the corresponding sector. When this happens TPC shall reclose it once immediately. If it trips again he shall keep the circuit breaker open and proceed to isolate the fault. Where auto reclosing feature is provided, the TPC should take action to isolate the fault after the auto-reclosure scheme locks out. After isolation of faulty section TPC shall release the auto reclosure lock-out.
20521 Lowering Pantographs of Defective Locos
Before concluding that the fault is on the the OHE and directing the OHE staff to proceed to the faulty section to rectify the fault, the TPC should first make sure that there is no defective locomotive or EMU in the faulty section, which could cause tripping of the feeder circuit breaker. If there is a locomotive in the faulty section he should arrange to have its pantograph lowered to ascertain if the fault is on the OHE or on the locomotive.
Drivers and motormen should lower the pantographs of their units if they have reason to believe that a fault has developed causing tripping of 25 kV feeder circuit breaker at the sub-station as for example when 25 kV supply gets interrupted simultaneously with the tripping of the air blast circuit breaker on the rolling-stock. If this happens more than once, it is most probable that the 25kV power supply interruption is due to fault on the loco. In such a case, the Driver should lower the pantograph and inform the TPC through emergency or other telephone of his observations and action taken by him so that TPC may take appropriate action. Whenever pantograph on the loco is defective, the TPC should ensure from the driver that the pantograph is properly tied down secured, and does not come into contact with the OHE.
20522 Isolation of Faulty Section
1. Expeditious isolation of a faulty section is of the greatest importance. This can only be achieved if the TPCs are fully drilled in the correct method of fault localization. The method of fault localization which takes the least possible average time is the best. It is best to standardize the procedure with a "Control Card" for every circuit breaker and keep the card in a serial order so that, when a circuit breaker trips, the particular card can be picked out and the sequence of switching operations, as given in the card, carried out in the card till the faulty section is isolated and power restored to the other sections. Such control cards ensure correct sequence of operations irrespective of who is the TPC on shift duty.
2. Fig 5.01 is a typical control card for a double line section. The basic idea is to divide the section into subsections and find out whether the circuit breaker trips or not after reclosure. The full-line arrow shows the action to be taken if the circuit breaker holds and the dotted line arrow, if it does not. Following the arrows action has to be taken to open or close the interrupters and the feeder circuit breaker till the faulty section is identified.
3. Sr. DEE (TrD) should ensure that control cards similar to the above are carefully prepared and kept with TPC for every feeder circuit breaker. He should also ensure that all TPCs and ATPCs are fully familiar with the method of using the control cards. In the case of some SCADA systems, the fault localization and isolation sequence is automatic. TPC should carefully note the sequence and the section that is isolated. He should ensure that power supply is available on the rest of the OHE after a fault-tripping is noticed and try to minimize the length of the faulty section by directly opening of isolators manually.
4. While control card is generally drawn up after careful thought, yet, there could be reduction in average time taken to localise a fault by a change in the switching operations. This may be brought out by any official to the notice of Sr. DEE/TrD.
20523 Faulty Section to be kept Isolated
(A) On Single Line Sections
After the fault has been located, the faulty section shall be kept isolated by keeping open the concerned isolators. Feed to other elementary sections shall be restored by closing the concerned interruptors/isolators.
(B) On other than Single Line Sections
After the faulty section has been located in accordance with para 20522, the faulty section as also the healthy sections on the adjacent lines over the same route as the faulty section, shall be kept isolated by keeping open the concerned interruptors. Feed to all other sections shall be restored by closing of other interruptors/isolators.
Further, the Section Controller shall be immediately informed by the TPC of the faulty and healthy sections. Feed to the healthy sections isolated shall be restored only on receipt of advice from the Section Controller of his having taken special precautions as per para 20524.
20524 Advice to Section Controller
(A) Faulty Section
The Section Controller shall immediately be informed by the TPC to take all precautions as per Station Working Rules, as though the particular faulty section is under emergency power block and the Assistant Traction Foreman or other traction official in the neighbourhood shall be advised to check the faulty section. AEE (TrD) and DEE (TrD) shall also be informed.
Only when the OHE staff are able to inspect and find out the nature of the fault, it will be possible for them to say how long it will take to rectify the fault and restore the power supply. The Section Controller shall decide whether single line working is to be introduced or not taking into account the following factors :
(a) The traffic he has on hand.
(b) The anticipated time by which the OHE maintenance staff can reach the site as ascertained from TPC.
(B) Healthy section kept isolated (Para 20523)
On receipt of advise from TPC of temporary isolation of healthy section on line adjacent to a faulty section, the Section Controller shall immediately take necessary action for having caution orders issued to drivers of all trains due to enter any of the concerned block sections (with OHE temporarily isolated, though healthy) to watch out for possible obstruction arising due to an unusual occurrence on a track with faulty OHE and be prepared to stop.
In respect of the trains stranded in any of such concerned block sections, it will be possible to issue caution orders to their drivers only after they reach the next station. Separate instructions for drivers of such trains to proceed cautiously upto next station, in case of being detained in block section for no tension in OHE for more than 5 min. are contained in G & SR etc.
20525 Information to Traction Staff
All information regarding any unusual occurrence received from Station Masters etc. shall be given by the Section Controller to the TPC to assist him to quickly locate faults.
20526 Action to Rectify OHE Fault
1. The Section Controller shall give top priority for the movement of the maintenance staff (by train, OHE Inspection Car or motor trolley) to reach the faulty section. It is the duty of all concerned to reach the break-down site either by rail or by road in the quickest possible time. They should carry with them a portable emergency telephone and keep in touch with TPC.
2. The TPC after locating the fault shall reduce the section under power block to the elementary section concerned by arranging either by trained station staff or TrD staff the opening of isolator switches. They shall, after inspecting the fault, inform TPC the time expected to be taken for rectifying the same. TPC shall pass on this information to the Section Controller.
3. The OHE staff shall then take a permit-to-work and proceed to rectify the fault duly observing the rules for the purpose.
20527 Emergency Telephone Working
If an Operator at a Grid sub-station is not able to speak to the adjacent Grid sub-station due to some fault or failure on their telecommunication system, the TPC shall arrange for the messages to be transmitted over the railway or other telephone, where practicable. Similarly, in case of fault or failure of telecommunication system on the railway, the Operator of the Grid sub-station shall arrange to transmit messages, if any from the TPC to any other sub-station through the Grid telecommunication system, on a reciprocal basis. Such messages should be passed only if they are very urgent and related to maintaining continuity or restoration of power supply.
20528 Breakdowns and Emergencies
The TPC shall always be in a state of readiness to take quick and prompt action to tackle any breakdown or emergencies. He will keep liaison with not only the field officials at site who are engaged in restoration of affected section, but also the Head Quarter officials, giving details of the breakdown to the extent, they are known apart from help from the neighbouring divisions or Head Quarters as the circumstances warrant.
20529 Obstruction of Track - Protective Steps to be taken by TPC
On being informed by the Section Controller/Station Master of any accident/incident likely to obstruct one or more tracks or OHE in a multitrack section, necessitating immediate suspension of movement of trains and being told by Section Controller to switch off power, the TPC shall immediately switch off power supply to the OHE of the affected track as also that of the adjacent tracks over the length of the track affected. The power supply shall be restored only after it is confirmed to the TPC that the track and OHE are clear of any obstruction and movement of electric trains is safe.
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